Identify the core problems for each area (there may be overlap) e.g., hypertension, chest pain . . .
Develop a list of core clinical cases (which relate to each core problem) e.g., (chest pain): angina pectoris, unstable angina . . .
Set a competence level for each core clinical case 1: Recognise based on theoretical knowledge
2: Work with in clinical practice
D: Independently reach to a diagnosis
T: Independently give treatment
PSYCHIATRY
Sub-specialty
Person Responsible
Psychoses
Dr. M. A. Zahid
Affective disorders
Dr. Mariam Al-Awadhi
Neuroses
Dr. M. A. Zahid
Personality disorders
Dr. Khaled Al-Saleh
Stress-related disorders
Dr. Abdullah Al-Hammadi
Substance abuse
Dr. Adel Al-zayed
Organic Psychiatry
Dr. Sulaiman Al-Khadhari
Liaison Psychiatry
Dr. Adel Al-zayed
Eating disorders
Dr. M. A. Zahid
Psychosexual disorders
Dr. Khaled Al-Saleh
Forensic Psychiatry
Dr. Abdullah Al-Hammadi
Old age Psychiatry
Dr. Sulaiman Al-Khadhari
Child Psychiatry
Dr. Bib Alamiri
Learning disability
Dr. Bibi Alamiri
Psychopharmacology
Dr. Mariam Al-Awadhi
Psychotherapy
Dr. Ghenaim Al-Fayez
PSYCHIATRY
Overall objectives
Specific objectives
Method of delivery
Bed side teaching
PBL
1. PSYCHOSIS
Demonstrate proficiency in the recognition, evaluation, and management of persons with psychosis associated with schizophrenia, affective, general medical, and other psychotic disorders.
Psychosis
1. Define the term psychosis;
*
*
2. develop a differential diagnosis for a person presenting with psychosis, including identifying historical and clinical features which assist in the differentiation of general medical substance-induced, affective, schizophrenic and other causes;
*
*
*
3. state the neurobiologic, genetic, and environmental theories of etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia;
*
*
4. summarize the epidemiology, clinical features, course, and complications of schizophrenia;
*
*
5. summarize the treatment of schizophrenia, including both pharmacologic and psychosocial interventions; and name the clinical features of schizophrenia that are associated with good and poor outcome, and explain the significance of negative symptoms;
*
*
*
6. list the features that differentiate delusional disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and brief psychotic disorder from each other and from schizophrenia.
*
*
2. Affective disorder
Recognize, evaluate, and state the treatments for patients with mood disorders.
Affective disorder
1. discuss evidence for neurobiological, genetic, psychological, and environmental etiologies of mood disorders;
*
*
2. state the epidemiologic features, prevalence rates, and lifetime risks of mood disorders in clinical and nonclinical populations; general medical/surgical illness (e.g., myocardial infarction, diabetes, CVAs, hip fractures) and the impact of depression on morbidity and mortality from their illnesses;
*
*
3. compare and contrast the epidemiologic and clinical features of unipolar depression and bipolar disorders;
*
*
4. State the common signs and symptoms, differential diagnosis (including general medical and substance-induced disorders), course of illness, co-morbidity, prognosis, and complications of mood disorder.
*
*
5) contrast normal mood variations, states of demoralization, and bereavement with the pathological mood changes that constitute expressive illness;
*
*
6. identify the difference in the presentation, treatment, and prognosis of major depression with and without melancholic features, psychotic features, atypical features, catatonic features, seasonal pattern and postpartum onset;
*
*
7. compare and contrast the clinical presentations and evaluation of mood disorders in children, adults and the elderly; and in non-psychiatric settings
*
*
8. discuss the identification and management of suicide risk in general medical settings
*
*
*
9. outline the recommended acute and maintenance treatments for dysthymia, major depression, and bipolar disorders (manic and depressive phases)
*
*
*
3. SOMATOFORM AND FACTITIOUS DISORDERS
Diagnose and discuss the principles of management of patients with somatoform disorders.
1. state the clinical characteristics of somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hypochondriasis;
*
*
2. list the psychiatric disorders that have high comorbidity with somatoform disorders;
*
3. discuss the implications of the high rate of underlying general medical/ neurologic illness in patients diagnosed with pain disorder and conversion disorder;
*
*
4.list the characteristic features of factitious disorder and malingering, and compare these with the somatoform disorders;
*
*
5. discuss the frequency and importance of physical symptoms as manifestations of psychological distress;
*
*
6. summarize the principles of management of patients with somatoform disorders
*
*
4. PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Recognize maladaptive traits and interpersonal patterns that typify personality disorders, and discuss strategies for caring for patients with personality disorders.
1. Define personality traits and disorders, and identify features common to all personality disorders;
*
2. list the common personality disorders and describe the typical traits in each personality disorder;
*
3. summarize the neurobiological, genetic, developmental, behavioural, and sociological theories of the aetiology of personality disorders, including the association of childhood abuse and trauma;
*
*
4. discuss the biogenetic relationships that exist between personality disorders and the development of respective psychiatric disorder
*
*
5. discuss the epidemiology, differential diagnosis, course of illness, prognosis, and comorbid psychiatric disorders in patients with personality disorders;
*
*
6. list the general medical and psychiatric disorders that may present with personality changes;
*
*
7. discuss the concepts of hierarchical levels of defence and regression under stress, and list typical defence mechanisms used in various personality disorders;
*
8. Summarize principles of management of patients with personality disorders, both in hospital and general medical settings; including being aware of one's own response to the patient, soliciting consultations from colleagues when indicated, and using both support and no punitive limit setting.
*
*
5. DELIRIUM, DEMENTIA, AND AMNESTIC AND OTHER COGNITIVE DISORDERS
Recognize the psychiatric manifestations of brain disease of known aetiology or pathophysiology and will state the evaluation and initial management of these neuropsychiatric disorders.
1. recognize the cognitive, psychological, and behavioural manifestations of brain disease of known aetiology, anatomy, or pathophysiology;
*
*
2. compare, contrast, and give examples of the delirium, dementia (including treatable dementia), dementia syndrome of depression (pseudodementia), cortical dementia, and subcortical dementia;
*
*
3. Discuss the clinical features, differential diagnosis and evaluation of delirium including emergent conditions.
*
*
4. State the prevalence of delirium in hospitalized elderly patients.
*
5. Discuss the behavioural and pharmacologic treatments of delirious patients;
*
*
6. Discuss the epidemiology, differential diagnosis, clinical features, and course of Alzheimer’s diseases, vascular dementia, substance-induced persisting dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and HIV encephalopathy
*
*
*
7. Lists the treatable causes of dementia and summarize their clinical manifestations;
*
*
8. Summarize the medical evaluation and clinical management of a patient with dementia;
*
*
9. Discuss the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of amnestic disorder due to general medical conditions e.g. head trauma) and substance-induced conditions(e.g. Korsakoff’s syndrome due to thiamine deficiency);
*
*
10. Employ a cognitive screening evaluation to assess and follow patients with cognitive impairment, and state the limitations of these instruments;
*
11. State the neuropsychiatric manifestations of HIV- related illnesses;
*
12. State the neuropsychiatric manifestations of seizure disorders, strokes, and head injuries.
*
6. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS AND PARAPHILIAS summarize the process of evaluation and treatment of persons with sexual dysfunctions or paraphilia’s.
1. discuss the anatomy and physiology of the male and female sexual response cycles;
*
2. obtain a patient's sexual history, including an assessment of risk for sexually transmitted diseases, especially HIV;
*
3. state the implications of the high prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in the general population, and particularly in the medically ill;
*
4. list the common causes of sexual dysfunctions, including general medical and substance-related aetiologies’;
*
5. summarize the manifestations, differential diagnosis, and treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder and sexual aversion disorder; male erectile disorder and female sexual arousal disorder; female and male orgasmic disorders and premature ejaculation; and dyspareunia and veganism’s;
*
*
6. define the term paraphilia and review its management
*
7. Discuss the prevalence, manifestations, diagnosis,treatment of gender identity disorder.
*
7. SLEEP DISORDERS
Evaluate, and refer or treat, persons with sleep problems.
Describe normal sleep physiology, including sleep architecture, throughout the life cycle;
*
Describe sleep hygiene treatment.
*
*
Obtain a complete sleep history;
*
Discuss the manifestations, differential diagnosis, evaluation , and treatment of primary sleep disorders, including dyssomnias and parasomnias;
*
Describe typical sleep disturbances that accompany psychiatric and substance use disorders;
*
Summarize the effect(s) of psychotropic medications on sleep;
*
8. Substance Abuse disorders
Identify, clinically evaluate, and treat the neuropsychiatric consequences of substance abuse and dependence.
1. Obtain a thorough history of a patients’ substance use through empathic, non-judgmental, and systematic interviewing;
*
*
2. List and compare the characteristic clinical features (including denial) of substance abuse and dependence;
*
*
3. Discuss the epidemiology (including the effect of gender), clinical features, patterns of usage, course of illness, and treatment of substance use disorders (including anabolic steroids);
*
*
4. Identify typical presentations of substance abuse in general medical practice;
*
*
5. List the psychiatric disorders that share significant comorbidity with substance related disorders, and discuss some criteria for determining whether the comorbid disorder should be treated independently;
*
*
*
6. Discuss the role of the family, support groups, and rehabilitation programs in the recovery of patients with substance use disorders;
*
*
7. List the questions that comprise the CAGE questionnaire and discuss its use as a screening instrument;
*
*
8. Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, and psychosocial explanations of the aetiology of alcoholism;
*
*
9. List the psychiatric and psychosocial complications of alcoholism;
*
*
*
10. Know the clinical features of intoxication with, and withdrawal from cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, cannabis, phencyclidine, barbiturates, opiates, caffeine, nicotine, benzodiazepines, and alcohol;
*
*
*
11. State the treatments of intoxication and withdrawal induced by the substance listed above;
*
*
12. List patient characteristics associated with benzodiazepines abuse;
*
13. State guidelines for prescribing benzodiazepines
*
14. Discuss the difficulties experienced by health care personnel in providing empathic, non-judgmental care to substance abusers.
9. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
By the end of the clerkship, the student will summarize the unique factors essential to the evaluation of children and adolescents and will diagnose the common child psychiatric disorders.
1. Compare and contrast the process of psychiatric evaluation of children and adolescents at different developmental stages with that of adults.
*
*
2. State the value of obtaining data from families, teachers, and other non-physicians in the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents.
*
3. State the indications for psychological assessment in children and list some of the common tests in a psychometric evaluation.
*
4. List a differential diagnosis and outline the evaluation of academic performance and behavioural problems in children.
*
*
5. Summarize the etiologic hypotheses, clinical features, epidemiology, pathophysiology, course, comorbid disorders, complications, and treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder.
*
*
6. Discuss the aetiologies’, epidemiology, clinical features, and psychiatric comorbidity of mental retardation.
*
*
7. Name the major clinical features of autism.
*
8. Differentiate developmentally based anxiety (e.g. stranger, separation anxiety) from pathological anxiety disorders in childhood.
*
9. Describe typical clinical features of anxiety disorders at different developmental stages.
*
10. Compare and contrast the clinical features of mood disorders in children with those of adults.
*
11. Discuss the epidemiology and clinical features of suicide risk in adolescents.
*
12. State when and how a physician must protect the safety of child who may be the victim of physical or sexual abuse or neglect.
*
13. Identify signs and symptoms of child sexual and physical abuse, and discuss its short and long-term psychiatric squeal.
*
10. Psychopharmacology
Summarize the indications, basic mechanisms of action, common side effects and drug interactions of each class of psychotropic medications, and demonstrate the ability to select and use these agents to treat mental disorders.
Anxiolytics
Discuss
the indications, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, common side effects, signs of toxicity, and drug interactions of the different benzodiazepines and sedative-hypnotics;
*
the consequences of abrupt discontinuation;
*
patient characteristics associated with benzodiazepine abuse;
*
*
guidelines for prescribing benzodiazepines;
*
The differences (mechanism of action, onset of effect, and indications) between buspirone and benzodiazepines.
*
11.Antidepressants
Summarize
the indications, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, common or serious side effects (including overdose potential), signs of toxicity, and drug interactions of tricyclics, SSRI’s, SNRI’s, NaSSA’s and antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors;
*
*
the effect of antidepressants on the cardiac conduction system and EKG;
*
dietary and pharmacologic restrictions in prescribing an MAQI;
*
Advantages of serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
*
12. Antipsychotics
Discuss
1. the indications, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, common or serious side effects, signs of toxicity, and drug interactions of antipsychotics;
*
2, differences between typical and atypical antipsychotics, including the side effects common to each group;
*
*
*
diagnosis and management of extrapyramidal side effects including acute dystonia, parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome;
*
*
*
The indications and special considerations in using clozapine and risperidone.
*
*
*
13. Mood Stabilizers
Discuss
the indications, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, side effects, signs of toxicity (neurological, gastrointestinal, renal, endocrine, cardiac), and drug interactions of lithium;
*
*
*
the pretreatment assessment and strategies of use of lithium, including blood level monitoring;
*
*
*
The indications, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, common and serious side effects, toxicity, drug interactions, and plasma level monitoring for carbamazepine, and valproic acid.
*
*
*
14.Anticholinergics
discuss
the indications, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, common and serious side effects, signs of toxicity, and drug interactions of antiparkinsonian agents;
*
*
which antidepressants and antipsychotics have a higher incidence of anticholinergic side effects;
*
*
special considerations in prescribing these medications in the elderly
*
*
15.Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
summarize
indications, physiologic effects, and side effects of ECT;
*
*
clinical situations in which ECT may be the treatment of choice;
*
*
Pre-treatment assessment, including conditions requiring special precautions;
*
*
The medical care of the patient before, during, and after ECT treatment.
*
16. Beta blockers & stimulants
Discuss
the use of beta blockers in psychiatry; and
The indications for and side effects of stimulants.
*
*
17. PSYCHOTHERAPIES
Understand the principles and techniques of the psychosocial therapies sufficient to explain to a patient and make a referral when indicated.
State the characteristics and techniques of, and common indications and psychodynamic contraindications for psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, supportive psychotherapy, cognitive and behavioral therapies, group therapies, couples and family therapy, and psychoeducational interventions;
*
*
Describe behavioral medicine interventions (e.g., relaxation training, assertiveness training, contingency management, stimulus control, relapse prevention, biofeedback), and know for which medical problems they are effective (e.g., smoking cessation) and ineffective;
*
Define and begin to recognize transference, countertransference, and commonly used defence mechanisms; discuss the concepts of hierarchical levels of defence and regression under stress; and list some typical defence mechanisms used in various personality disorders;
*
State the major findings of studies of the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in the treatment of psychiatric and general medical disorders and in reducing health carecosts
*
18. COMMUNITY AND FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY
Discuss the structure of the mental health system, as well as legal issues important in the care of psychiatric patients.
1. List the psychiatric services each community mental health centre must provide.
*
2. Define deinstitutionalization, and discuss its effects on patients and on the community.
*
3. Summarize the elements of informed consent, determination of the capacities (e.g. to consent to treatment, to mange funds), and the role of judicial or administrative orders for treatment.
*
4. Define the right to treatment and right to refuse treatment.
*
5. Discuss when and how a physician must protect the safety of a child or an elderly person who may be the victim of physical or sexual abuse or neglect.
*
6. Discuss the economic impact of chronic mental illness on patients and their families, including the effect of discriminatory insurance coverage.
*
7. Discuss the financial and psychosocial burden of chronic mental illness to family members.
*
8. Discuss the concept of not-guilty plea diminished on mental health grounds